Bitcoin (BTC) Solo Mining Pools & Fees

Compare every SOLO mining pool for Bitcoin (BTC) by fee and average hashrate. Solo mining keeps the entire block reward — you only pay the pool fee — so the lowest-fee pool with a healthy hashrate is usually the best choice for Bitcoin (SHA-256).

Bitcoin network stats

Network hashrate: 1089.78 EH/s
Block time: 9.4 min
Block reward: 3.14 BTC (3.125 base + avg fees)
Block value: $259,574.38
Market cap: $1,664,269,017,517

One Bitcoin block is currently worth ≈ $259,574.38 (3.125 BTC base subsidy + avg transaction fees) — solo miners keep the full reward, minus the pool fee.

Best solo pool for Bitcoin: web.public-pool.io — 0% fee

Bitcoin solo pools compared

Pool	Solo fee	Avg hashrate (7d)	Reliability
web.public-pool.io	0%	56.94 PH/s	OK
pool.solomining.de	0%	8.46 PH/s	OK
solo.mineshop.eu	0%	3.83 PH/s	OK
grandpool.io	0.01%	10.70 PH/s	OK
luckymonster.pro	0.5%	83.38 PH/s	OK
kano.is	0.5%	9.82 PH/s	OK
zsolo.bid	1%	298.19 PH/s	OK
parasite.space	1%	82.98 PH/s	OK
millpools.cc	1%	24.74 PH/s	OK
mining-dutch.nl	1.5%	103.09 PH/s	OK
atlaspool.io	1.5%	28.04 PH/s	OK
2miners.com	1.5%	4.87 PH/s	OK
ckpool.org (US)	2%	126.67 PH/s	De Facto Standard
ckpool.org (EU)	2%	86.19 PH/s	De Facto Standard
solopool.com	2%	18.69 PH/s	OK
molepool.com	2%	13.32 PH/s	OK
solopool.org	2%	5.25 PH/s	OK
ckpool.org (AU)	2%	4.23 PH/s	De Facto Standard
ckpool.org (SG)	2%	4.18 PH/s	De Facto Standard
pool.nerdminer.de	0%	2.29 PH/s	Low hashrate
findmyblock.xyz	0%	1.90 PH/s	Low hashrate
pool.bitcoinmerch.com	0%	1.76 PH/s	Low hashrate
nexuspool.io	0%	1.72 PH/s	Low hashrate
pool.sunnydecree.de	0%	1.40 PH/s	Low hashrate
chauffagistes-pool.fr	0%	799.26 TH/s	Low hashrate
pool.satoshiradio.nl	0%	594.74 TH/s	Low hashrate
noderunners.network	0%	558.65 TH/s	Low hashrate
nmminer.com	0%	413.01 TH/s	Low hashrate
sololuck.io	0%	204.68 TH/s	Low hashrate
axeminer.com	0%	91.44 TH/s	Low hashrate

Expected time to solo mine a Bitcoin block

Scenario	Hashrate	Expected time	30-day probability
1× Bitaxe Gamma	1.10 TH/s	17,786+ years	0.0%
1× Canaan Avalon Nano 3	4.01 TH/s	4,868+ years	0.0%
1× Bitmain Antminer S21	199.64 TH/s	97.8 years	0.1%
1× Bitmain Antminer S23 XP Hyd	600.30 TH/s	32.5 years	0.3%

Calculate with your exact hashrate →

How Bitcoin Solo Mining Works & Protocol Rules

In solo mining, your miner works independently rather than combining shares with other miners in a traditional pool (PPLNS or PPS). When your hardware computes a valid block hash meeting Bitcoin network difficulty, you win the entire block reward: 3.125 BTC in newly minted base subsidy plus all transaction fees included in that block, minus only the pool fee (typically 0% to 2%).

Why Solo Pool Hashrate Does Not Affect Your Winning Odds

A common misconception is that joining a solo pool with a large collective hashrate increases personal chances of finding a block. In pooled mining this is true because rewards are shared; in solo mining, you do not share rewards. Every hash computed by your ASIC or Bitaxe is an independent cryptographic trial evaluated against Bitcoin full network difficulty. A solo pool with 150 PH/s hashrate does not find blocks for you — your mathematical odds depend entirely on your own hashrate divided by total network hashrate. When choosing a Bitcoin solo pool, prioritize low network latency (ping), 99.9%+ server uptime, and reliable block propagation to prevent orphaned blocks, rather than pool hashrate.

Coinbase Transaction and 100-Block Maturity Rule

When your miner successfully solves a block, the solo pool builds the block template with your payout address directly in the coinbase transaction. Under Bitcoin consensus rules (COINBASE_MATURITY = 100), newly generated block rewards cannot be spent, transferred, or traded until 100 subsequent blocks have been confirmed on top of it (~16.6 hours). This consensus rule protects the network against accidental double-spends caused by short-lived chain reorganizations.

Home Lottery Miners (Bitaxe, NerdMiner, Avalon Nano) vs Commercial ASICs

With the Bitcoin network hashrate exceeding 800 EH/s, small home devices like the open-source Bitaxe Gamma (~1.1 TH/s) or Canaan Avalon Nano 3 (~4.0 TH/s) serve as educational hardware and cryptographic lottery tickets. A Bitaxe drawing only 15W has under a 0.1% annual probability of finding a block, but costs pennies per day in electricity. When configuring home lottery miners, always select solo pools that support low starting share difficulty or vardiff (such as Public-Pool or Solo CKPool) to ensure your device successfully validates shares without overloading its microcontroller.

Solo CKPool Architecture & The 2% Fee Standard

Solo CKPool (developed by veteran Linux kernel and CGMiner developer Con Kolivas) is the historical de facto benchmark for Bitcoin solo mining. Unlike web-oriented pools that add complex database layers, CKPool runs as a zero-overhead C daemon communicating directly with a Bitcoin Core node. Winning miners receive block rewards directly through the block coinbase transaction (with a 2% pool fee output), guaranteeing trustless, non-custodial payouts. Its rock-solid stability and low-latency share processing make it the standard default for Bitaxe devices, open-source miners, and industrial ASICs.

Frequently asked questions

Which solo pool has the lowest fee for Bitcoin?

web.public-pool.io at 0% fee.

How long does it take to solo mine one Bitcoin block?

With a commercial ASIC like the Bitmain Antminer S21 (199.64 TH/s), the expected time is approximately 97.8 years. With a popular home lottery miner like the Bitaxe Gamma (1.10 TH/s), solo mining is purely a lottery ticket with an expected time of approximately 17,786+ years.

How much is one Bitcoin block worth?

One Bitcoin block reward is currently worth approximately $259,574.38 (comprising the 3.125 BTC block subsidy and average transaction fees).

Are all Bitcoin solo pools reliable?

62 of 81 tracked pools have an average hashrate below 1% of the top pool and are flagged as low-hashrate. These pools find blocks very rarely.

Why does Solo CKPool charge a 2% fee when other pools charge less?

Solo CKPool was developed by Con Kolivas (author of CGMiner and ckpool). It is written in pure C with zero database overhead, interfacing directly with a local Bitcoin Core daemon. Block rewards are minted directly into the winning miner's address via the coinbase transaction, providing ultra-low latency share processing and the most battle-tested, non-custodial uptime in Bitcoin solo mining history.

Data updated: Oct 21, 2026